Original address: Europe's Large Hadron Collider — reveal the mystery of the big bang: Super project list authors
Europe's Large Hadron Collider — 80 international scientists to unravel the mystery of the big bang
Total investment: $ 10 billion project period: 1994-2025, this is the morning of "innovation sphere" System. This wooden sphere structure was originally Switzerland exhibition Expo ' 02, diameter 40 m, height of 27 metres.
September 10, 2008 9: 00 a.m.-9: 36 minutes (åœ — äº¬æ — ¶é — ' 15 36 min), known as the world's largest scientific works of European Large Hadron Collider (LHC, short for LargeHadronCollider), located in Switzerland-France borders Collider control room officially started. With a bunch of Proton beams to be injected, installed in the underground 100 m deep 27 km ring of the world's largest particle collider begins to run. Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an international cooperation scheme, originally conceived in 1980 for the first time, the design and construction began in 1994. It consists of the European partnership launched in 20 countries, from more than 80 countries and regions of approximately 7 000 scientists and engineers involved in the construction, a total investment of $ 60 billion to $ 10 billion. In its capacity as observer State, China participated in four large test equipment construction, high energy physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing University, Tsinghua University, China Atomic Energy Research Institute, University of science and technology, Nanjing University, Shandong University, Huazhong University of science, Huazhong Normal University and scientific research institutes and University researchers participated in part of the experiment. Chinese scientists can equally enjoy impinging test produces 100% data. Since 1999, the China Group (Institute of high energy and Peking University and other universities and research institutions of scientists) assume the LHC on two of the most critical of one of the CMS detector end and barrel section u detector cathode compartment and resistive plate Chamber of tasks, current Chinese group has successfully completed the tasks of research, manufacturing, testing, installation tasks, and into the LHC experiments. Europe's Large Hadron Collider is the world's largest particle accelerator, it was built in Switzerland and France in the border areas of underground 100 meters, circular tunnel Tunnel 26.659 km. Diameter of three metres of tunnel itself, on the same plane, and cross-border with Switzerland and France, the main part of the half is located in France, go through the whole process takes 4 hours. You can set the Bermuda, Monaco and four Vatican into it within the region. The tunnel will remain in-271 degrees centigrade of extremely low temperatures. This temperature superconductor phenomenon will occur, making the particles in the pipeline almost without any resistance, as well as close to the speed of light. Collider from 2003 construction, the whole works consumed 54.6 billion. In a 10-hour experiment, particle beam of running distance may exceed $ 1 billion kilometers (60 billion miles), sufficient in the Earth and make a round trip between Neptune. In the maximum intensity, each particle of energy equivalent to an hourly 1600 km (1000 miles) road car. Large Hadron Collider will be 120 MW power consumption equivalent to all the families of power consumption in Geneva. Scientists hope to Collider unprecedented impinging energy, creating "mini version" of the universe after the big bang, treasures of the moment "Higgs boson" (Higgsboson), "dark matter", "dark energy" and other mysteries. Higgs boson to United Kingdom physicist Peter · Higgs was named after him in 44 years ago, the Higgs boson is the source of the material of quality, as well as electronic and Quark, forming the basis of quality, this particle to another particle gives quality, but it has not been found. It attracted the eyes of the world physicist "Big Mac" had originally planned to start in August, but due to the heat of the Beijing Olympic Games, all the TV channels are occupied, and LHC scientists hope to live to a worldwide launch ceremony to show modern physics on the important role in contemporary society, therefore deferred until today. The European nuclear research (CERN), the large Hadron Collider Project Director Lynn • El Vance Publishing startup command, arrived when the proton beam Collider paragraph 8 of the end of the tunnel, computer screen lit two white spots on the Proton completed the large Hadron Collider the entire length of the journey. The project leader Evans (LynEvans) just to say a word — ". "Hundreds of scientists open the champagne to celebrate the successful first run. During this test run of the particle beam in a clockwise, counter-clockwise CERN also plans to carry out a test run. If the next few weeks on the device and system testing and evaluation of all is well, then at the end of October, in a clockwise and anticlockwise operation of two particle beams will test the first clash. If all goes well, the LHC will before the end of the two bundles up to 5 trillion electron volts Energy Proton beams colliding, this energy will be the previous world record of 5 times. According to the plan, proton beam next summer will reach 7 trillion electron volts of energy. Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland, France border 100 m deep underground ring tunnel, tunnel length up to 27 km away from the computer draw for European Large Hadron Collider overall chart what is it? the large Hadron Collider will be two beams of protons are accelerated to 7TeV (7 trillion electron volts) of very high energy State and colliding. Its energy state available and soon after the big bang of the State. Particle physicists will use the product of proton collisions after exploring physical phenomena, for example, look for the standard model predictions of the Higgs particle, explore additional supersymmetric, beyond the standard model, such as dimension of new physics. Why is it so? "in fact, you should ask why it is so small. The answer is that in order to save costs. Physicists have dug a costly new tunnel to accommodate the new Collider, but decided to demolish the original settlement in the European nuclear research center of electron AcceleratorAnd replace it with the construction of Large Hadron Collider need 5 million tons of equipment. When two Proton beams in loop tunnels along the opposite direction of movement, the powerful energy of electric field that they increased sharply. These particles each run a circle, you'll get more energy. To maintain such a high energy Proton beams to continue to run requires very strong magnetic field. Such a strong magnetic field is cooled to near absolute zero of superconducting electromagnets. Who work for it? from approximately 80 countries 000 scientists and engineers. Significance: the world's largest science projects and will bring major physics discovery of a new golden age; aim: to reveal the origin of the universe, in search of the God particle Higgs boson; working principle: the highly active Proton to blazing fast speed bump together, play miniature version of the "big bang"; location: Switzerland, France border 100 m deep underground ring tunnel, tunnel 26.659 km; cost: $ over 100 Large Hadron Collider tunnel cooling Magnet works: Large Hadron Collider is mainly composed of a 27 km ring of superconducting magnets and many make the particles can follow specific directions of accelerating structure. Large Hadron Collider magnet high 16 meters length and width is 10 m, up to 1920 tonnes. Engineering and technical personnel specialized in the construction of a giant hanger with 4 thick cable hanging this magnet, with hydraulic roof pumps will slowly into a tunnel of magnets. It is up to 27 km ring tunnel can be used to accelerate the particles to collide, creating and big bang trillion minutes when similar one seconds. In high energy physics experiment, particle accelerators and detectors are commonly used equipment. The detector used to detect collision of tiny particles, records particle energy, quality, and other information. Hadron Collider on four points, the clash is equipped with a probe, one of which is the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid μ) detector. Inside the accelerator, 2 high-energy particles before the crash, in each other to close to the speed of spread forward. The two beams of particles flow through different beam tubes, in opposite directions, which two pipes are in ultra high vacuum. A strong magnetic drive them to run around the accelerator ring, the strong magnetic field using Superconducting Magnetic stone. The Superconducting Magnetic stone is the use of special cables, they are in the superconducting State, effective conduction current, no resistance consumption or energy loss. To achieve this result, some need magnets cooled to minus 271 degrees Celsius, the temperature is the temperature of the outer space. For this reason, most of the accelerator is a liquid helium shunt system and other equipment connected to the liquid helium shunt system is used to cool the magnets. Large Hadron Collider with thousands of different kinds, types of magnets, to the accelerator of particles around. These magnets includes 15 metre-long 1232 dipole magnets and 392 quadrupole magnets, 1232 dipole magnets are used to bend the particle beam, 392 quadrupole magnets each with 5 to 7 m long, which is used to set the particle streams. Before the collision, the large Hadron Collider use another type of magnets "extrusion" particles, allowing them to each other by closer to increase their chances of success of collision. These particles are very small, so that they collide, as if from the distance 10 km out of both sides to launch two needle collision. The accelerator, its instruments and technical infrastructure operator, were installed in the European particle physics control center within the same building. Here, the large Hadron Collider particle flow within the accelerator ring around the 4 regional collision, 4 regional and particle detector location. Staff are on the large Hadron Collider tunnel magnet arrays. Each of these magnets are in the right location is important, because it can beam path for precise control. The Tracker into compressed meson coil probes of heart. Europe's Large Hadron Collider in the world's largest machine Large Hadron Collider's precise circumference is 2.6659 million meters of internal total 9300 a magnet. Not only the large Hadron Collider is the world's largest particle accelerator, and only its refrigerant distribution system (cryogenicdistributionsystem) one-eighth of, is the world's largest refrigerator. Refrigerant distribution system with nearly 60 tonnes of liquid helium, will all magnets are cooled to minus 271.3 degrees Celsius (1.9 Kelvin degrees), it will first use 1.008 tons of liquid nitrogen will reduce the temperature of the magnet to minus 193.2 degrees Celsius. World's fastest track power reached its maximum, tens of thousands of million proton will in large Hadron Collider around the accelerator ring to SEC 1.1245 million through rapidly, often their speed is the speed of light of 99.99%. Two beams of protons beams 70 million respectively to MeV maximum power to the power up to 140 million MeV collision occurred. Can occur per second for a total of approximately 6 million times. Solar system in the empty space in order to avoid the particle accelerator and the air molecules collide, the particle in the space between the planets like the same empty through Super vacuum environment. Large Hadron Collider's internal pressure is 10-13 at atmospheric pressure, the pressure on the Moon than small 10 times. Galaxy in the hottest hotspots but than outer space to cool Large Hadron Collider is an extremely hot and extremely cold machines. When two Proton beams collide, they will be in a very small space within the center than the sun heat 10 000 times the high temperature. By contrast, superfluid helium around the accelerator ring cycle refrigeration allocation system for Large Hadron Collider at minus 271.3 degrees Celsius (1.9 degrees Kelvin) of ultra-low temperature environment, the temperature is the temperature of the outer space. The largest and most advanced detectors to random checks and records per second for up to 6 million protons collide, physicists and engineers have created a measurement accuracy of particle is huge instrument. Micron The large Hadron Collider Detector with advanced electronic trigger system, the measurement of particles passing the accuracy of the time, approximately one billionth of a second. The touchThe system determines the position of the particle, the precise degree of one-millionth of a meter. This incredibly fast and accurate response, is to ensure that a probe for continuous layer particle recorded within a consistent basis. The world's most powerful supercomputer system records the large Hadron Collider to each of the major test data, every year some 10 million pieces carving enough double-sided DVD disc. It is estimated that the large Hadron Collider is 15 years of life. In order to let the world several thousand scientists work together in the next 15 years, the analysis of these data in the world, tens of thousands of computers will use a is called the grid distributed computing network (distributedcomputingnetwork) implementation of research. Data will be transferred to you as a large amount of data provide sufficient storage space for a series of large computer centers, these computer center 24 hours a day, and kept for the large Hadron Collider computing grid. And the three science LHC Giants hawking — "knocked out of the black hole I can get the Nobel Prize" for some scientists in order to use the large Hadron Collider wait for 20 years. United Kingdom the times Web site on September 9, published an article entitled "Stephen Hawking with 50 of the world, the universe and God particle bet", summarized as follows. When the world's largest Atomic mill started particle hits, one possibility is that it will produce a micro black hole. If this kind of micro black holes, the Earth will not, as some unfounded, said destroyed — but it will be Stephen · Professor hawking has won the Nobel Prize. The scientists as tomorrow morning the large Hadron Collider (LHC) start doing final preparation, hawking the most famous physicists say that if this Collider create a black hole, which confirmed his own theory, there is no doubt that he will receive the Nobel Prize. But the old Cambridge University Professor of mathematics at the victory on this and not have hope. He calculated that the LHC particle collider formed black hole's chance to less than 1%. He said: "I think the LHC generate enough energy to create the possibility of a black hole is less than 1%. So I have not waited in anticipation. "In fact, the LHC let Stephen Hawking lost his professor with the University of Michigan · Kane in logodi bet possibilities. They bet is the Higgs boson is present. Stephen Hawking does not believe that really exists this so-called "God particle" — — let the material particle with quality, Cayne believes that people will find it very soon. 2000 hawking used $ and Kane hit this bet. If the Higgs boson does exist, the LHC will almost certainly be able to find it. Hawkins said: "the LHC will let us study of particle interactions required energy levels increase the 1/4. Under the current theory, this should be sufficient to found the Higgs boson, which allow all other particles have mass of particulates. I think that if you do not find the Higgs particle will be even more exciting. This will indicate that some wrong, we need to rethink. I bet $ 100, we could not find the Higgs particle. "If you find the Higgs boson, the theory of — — Edinburgh University's Professor Peter · Higgs and two unknown · Belgium physicist François Englert and Robert · Pluto — almost certainly will be awarded the Nobel Prize. Hawking on their own may be given the Nobel Prize is under another physics theory: he in 1974 black hole emits radiation, despite their gravity. This idea was first widely questioned, but the "Hawking radiation" has now been widely accepted, although like the Higgs boson, there is no direct evidence of its existence. LHC particle collider could produce rapid decay of micro black holes, like Stephen Hawking. But it was not determined whether access to the formation of a black hole of Accelerator required enormous energy. However even if the black hole forming, is not a threat, as demonstrated they have the possibility to generate mathematical operations also decided they would immediately decay. Hawkins said: "If the particles colliding in the LHC created a micro black hole — and of course this is not possible, the black hole will disappear, generate unique particle model. In the Earth's atmosphere, like that or greater energy levels to occur every day of impinging millions of times, but did not cause any adverse effects. "Evans – LHC founder who loves to play blasting single-handedly this large experimental Lynn · Evans, Ph.d., is a United Kingdom Wales a miner's son, who like explosion. The 63-year-old physicist recently revealed that his childhood in house using chemical device manufacturing over smaller explosion, which inspired his passion for science. His interest in physics on the men's time becomes concentrated in primary school, then the physics class there is a further attraction, because of a nearby school physics teacher, school girls will sit on a bus to their school physics class. Higgs-the "God particle" parent looks forward to the 80-year-old birthday gift to United Kingdom scientist Higgs in 1964 first initiated the "God particle" (Higgs bosons) concept, which explained why the material quality, and why they can coalesce into a star. Higgs is about to usher in the 80-year-old birthday, this year he visited the large Hadron Collider is feeling road: this machine to let him find confidence, "almost sure, may soon be able to discover the Higgs boson". Particle physics of the "Holy Grail"-Higgs boson people have already discovered, in the nature of the interaction between different objects, you can simply divided into 4 types of forces: gravity, electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force and produces radioactive decay of the weak force. In Einstein's theory of relativity has solved the problem of gravity, the people began to try to establish a unified model, with a view to explain by the interaction of three forces after all particles. After a long period of research and discovery, scientists have built up a was known as the "standard model" of particle physics theory that the elementary particles (form the substance of the subatomic structure) divided into 3 major categories: quarks, leptons and bosons. The "standard model", makes various particles such as million birds return to forest have a common "homeland". But this "homeGarden "a fatal defect, it is that the model cannot explain the source of the material quality. In order to remedy the defects of theory building, United Kingdom scientist Peter? Higgs presented the Higgs field exists, and thus prophesied the Higgs boson. Assuming that the Higgs boson is the source of the material quality is electronic and Quark, forming the basis of quality. Other particles in the Higgs boson constitute "marine" cruising, its role and inertia, ultimately only quality. Then all the particles in addition to the other 3 outside the gravitation force interaction, in the framework of the "standard model", built into all the world. The "standard model" predicted the existence of 62 species of fundamental particles, which are fundamental particles have been laboratory confirmed, the Higgs boson is the last one is not found in the elementary particles. Therefore, find the particles, being compared to looking for particle physics in the field of the "Holy Grail". A welders in the large Hadron Collider tunnel Hadron Collider's two superconducting magnet systems are busy. Particle impact test of practical value even if you can find quality of cosmic substance manufactured Higgs boson, the test in our lives and what the actual benefit? can make us more convenient Internet? see more television channels? CUNY theoretical physics professor Calais road-hsiung (MichioKaku) physics experiment of potential return reflected in many ways: first, telecommunications. Previous Physics test introduces data processing challenges, this order CERN to 1990, creating a world wide Web. Similarly, the LHC will lead us into a world of distributed computing and storage of large amounts of data more effectively. A better understanding of the subatomic world will lead to quantum computing and ultra secure communications breakthrough. In fact, the LHC to every large test year data obtained, you can carve up hundreds of pieces of double-sided DVD. In order to be analyzed, tens of thousands of scientists around the world are involved, they are using tens or even hundreds of thousands of computer network with distributed computing (grid computing) combined together constitute the world's most powerful supercomputer system. Second, the medical care. Particle accelerator in cancer treatment and the role of medical imaging and more significant. Many hospitals use Proton, carbon ion even antimatter, charged particle to the treatment of cancer. Used to develop new technologies for the future of the LHC will find broad at the hospital. The LHCb experiment of construction of ultrasensitive photon detector is an important example of this, the project spokesman Roger • Reverdy said: "I think their medical applications like alien flower nectar. "Third, energy: Calais road-hsiung, awareness through the LHC might in the next few decades to develop new energy sources, such as controlled nuclear-substation. The generation of micro black holes may even play in energy demand a long-term role. He said: "some people think that outer space of black holes may be the future of human energy. "If you look at the more long-term, deep exploration of the universe is always brings technology breakthrough. Use mechanical cause of the steam engine in the 19th century, humanity has entered the industrial age, electricity and magnetism of the consolidated result in the computer, laser and other inventions of the 20th century. Unlocking the mysteries of the atom has brought the victory of the nuclear age and panic. The history of mankind is constantly breaking gravity, electricity and magnetism, as well as shaped by nuclear power. Now we are all of these forces on the edge of the unified ancestor, all these forces will be consolidated into one super power. We believe that super power is string theory is super force raised the big bang, the creation of the universe. "The maximum from the LHC will be found? LHC will not open the door to another universe, it would not be in a hole in space. But it will do its best to establish an identity, allowing advanced civilization could accurately manipulate time and space. " This is European particle physics, and Switzerland and France around the bird's eye view. 3 ring clearly visible, a minimum of one (at lower right) shows the Proton Synchrotron accelerator underground location, in the middle of the ring is the Super Proton Accelerator (SPS) is located, the accelerator of the circumference is 7 km away. The largest ring (27 km circumference) is a former large electron-positron Collider (LEP) Accelerator located. Six large Hadron Collider experiment using large Hadron Collider (LHC) 6 experiment will have international cooperation mode complete, these experiments will research institutions around the world's scientists together to witness exciting moment. Each of these experiments are very different, this is determined by its use of the uniqueness of particle detectors. Two large-scale experiments — ATLAS (toroidal the initials experiment instrument, hereinafter referred to as ATLAS) and CMS (compact gone child coil experiments of initials, hereinafter referred to as CMS) — are built on the basis of multi-purpose detector for analysis in the accelerator in the impact of a huge number of particles. Two experimental study on size and research level has reached unprecedented levels. Use two separate design detector is a new cross-verify any found. Two medium-sized experiments — ALICE (a large ion Collider experiment of initials, hereinafter referred to as ALICE) and LHCb (LHC experiment of bottom Quark's initials, hereinafter referred to as the LHCb) — — Special detectors, analysis and special phenomena related to the impact. The other two experiments — TOTEM (full section elastic scattering detectors experiment of initials, hereinafter referred to as TOTEM) and LHCf (LHC particle experiment before the line of the initials, hereinafter referred to as LHCf) — is a much smaller scale. Their focus is on the "forward particles" (proton or heavy ions). In particle collision, these particles just slip past instead of front collision. ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb detector installed in four underground giant holes in the large Hadron Collider. TOTEM experiment used to probe is located in the CMS detector LHCf experiment, near to the probe is located near the ATLAS detector. ALICE 1. detector ALICE large ion Collider experiment for ALICE experiment, the large Hadron Collider will let lead ions are colliding, under laboratory conditions to rebuild after the "big bang" of the early universe. The data obtained will allow physicists study the Quark-Gluon Plasma, the nature and status, this material is believed in the "big bang" only exists after a short time. Now all the ordinary matter in the universe are composed of atoms, every atom has a protons and neutrons in a nuclear, nucleus surrounded by e-mail. Protons and neutrons are known as the "glue" of other particles bound Quark. This incredibly powerful binding means that independent Quark was never discovered. Inside the large Hadron Collider will impact when the temperature is the temperature of the Sun 10 million times. Physicists want to see is that protons and neutrons will in such high temperatures "melting", and the release of Quark and gluons bound. Doing so will create a Quark-Gluon Plasma, they may exist only in the "big bang", then the universe was still at extremely high temperatures. Scientists plan in Quark-Gluon Plasma expansion and cooling process on it, watch it how to form the final form the current universe material particles. Total from 28 countries 94 research institutions 000 scientists involved in the ALICE experiment. ALICE detector information dimensions: 26 m long, high 16 m, width 16 m weight: 1 000 tonnes of locations: France town St. Gillis-Pak (St Genis-Pouilly). Interested readers can use the "Google Earth". ATLAS is the large Hadron Collider two general-purpose detectors in a 2. ATLAS toroidal instrumentation Laboratory (ATLAS is a giant digital camera that can capture a proton collisions between 6 billion photos) ATLAS is the large Hadron Collider two general-purpose detectors. This experiment involves many areas of physics, including searching for Greek Burs boson, extra dimensions, and constitute the dark matter particles. And experimental purposes like CMS, ATLAS also will record and the impact of particles of similar data, that is, their paths, energy as well as characteristics and so on. Although the same experimental purposes, the ATLAS and CMS detector magnet system takes a completely different technology and design. ATLAS detector huge circle ring magnet system is it's main features. This system consists of eight 25 metre long superconducting magnet coils. Magnet coils in the probe through the centre around the particle beam tube to form a "drum". Experiments, the magnetic field will be included online circle of Central column space. Total from 37 countries 159 research institutions in more than 1700 scientists participate in the ATLAS experiment. ATLAS detector related data size: 46 m long, 25 m, width 25 m, is the manufacturing of the heads of the largest particle detectors. Weight: 7000 tonnes location: Switzerland Merlin (Meyrin) 3. CMS CMS experiment using a general purpose probes on the physics of many areas, including searching for Greek Burs boson, extra dimensions, and constitute the dark matter particles. Although the purpose is the same as with the ATLAS experiment, but this detector magnet system takes a completely different technology and design. CMS detector is a giant spiral tube magnets built on the Foundation. It uses cylindrical superconducting cable coils, can produce the magnetic field of 4 Tesla, equivalent to the Earth's magnetic field of 10 million times. This huge magnetic field from an "iron yoke" limit — detector 1.25 million metric tons of weight, mostly from the yoke of "iron." And the large Hadron Collider's other giant detectors vary, the CMS detector is not in the underground construction, but after the election on the ground, divided into 15 sections were shipped to the underground, the last complete Assembly, this is it. Total from 37 countries 155 research institutions more than 2000 scientists involved in the CMS experiment. CMS detector related information: 21 m, width 15 m, height 15 m weight: 1.25 million tonnes of locations: France Cypriot Greek (Cessy). Interested readers can use the "ancient songs" a look at the Earth. 4.LHC bottom Quark detector (LHCb) the LHCb experiment will help us to understand why humans living in an almost entirely from material instead of antimatter form the universe. It through a "beauty Quark" (beautyquark) particles, specialized on the matter and antimatter subtle differences between the investigation. LHCb experiment is not the entire impact sites with sealing probes surrounded, but instead uses a series of detectors to detect front line primary particles (forwardparticle). The first child of the detectors are installed to impact sites nearby, and the next few months will be a next one installation, they are more than 20 m in length. Large Hadron Collider will create lots of different types of Quark, then they will quickly change to another type. To capture the "beauty Quark", LHCb project team has developed a State-of-the-art tracking detectors and removable installed around the large Hadron Collider near beam paths around. LHCb project team from 13 countries 48 by research institutions 650 scientists. LHC bottom Quark probes related information: 21 m, 10 m, width 13 m weight: 5600 tonnes of design: a forward plane probe accept spectrometer locations: France filseclab Nye-Voltaire 5. total cross-section elastic scattering detectors (TOTEM) full section experimental study on elastic scattering detectors before particles to focus on General Physics experiment difficult to obtain. In a series of studies, it will measure the size of protons, accurate monitoring of the large Hadron Collider luminosity. Want to do this, a whole section of elastic scattering detectors must be captured from the large Hadron Collider beam is very close to the RSP. It consists of a group in called"Roman pot" (Romanpot) Special vacuum chamber probe composition. "Rome tank" with Large Hadron Collider is attached to the beam pipe. 8 "Roman pot" will be placed on one CMS experiment impact sites in the vicinity of the four locations. Although the scientific sense, these two experiments are independent, but the TOTEM experiment will be the CMS detector and other large Hadron Collider experiment result of the potent supplements. From eight countries the research institutions of 10 50 scientist will participate in the TOTEM experiment. The whole section elastic scattering detectors related information: 440 m, 5 m, width 5 m weight: 20 ton design: "Roman pot", the GEM detectors and cathode bars induction room locations: France Cess (located in the vicinity of CMS) photographs is the LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter. This is a 3300 block 42 square meters consisting of side walls with scintillator, optical fiber cables and lead. LHCf experiment 6.LHCf detector is used for the study of the large Hadron Collider homegrown front row particles, as in the lab environment simulation of the origin of cosmic rays. Cosmic rays are naturally occurring on charged particles from outer space, constantly bombarding the Earth's atmosphere. Them in the upper atmosphere and nuclear collision, produce a series of particles reach the ground. Study on the large Hadron Collider internal impact how to cause a similar particle series helps scientists explain and calibrate large-scale cosmic ray experiments, this experiment will cover thousands of kilometres. From the four countries the research institutions of 10 22 scientist will participate in the LHCf experiment. LHCf detector related data size: two detectors, each length 30 cm, height 80 cm, width 13 cm weight: each weight 40 kg design: venue: Switzerland Merlin (located in the vicinity of ATLAS) will ATLAS magnet ring cover from 180, building, transport to the ATLAS designated location. Sketch map of the big bang to be solved in five mysteries CERN Research Centre on September 10, 2008 starting Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The world's largest machine is expected to unveil the mysteries of the universe, the five mysteries. Over the past several decades, physicists in detail have a better understanding of the universe of elementary particles and their interactions. Understanding deepens for particle physics of the "standard model" become more full, but this is still a gap in the model, such that we cannot draw a complete picture. In order to help scientists revealed the particle physics on these crucial mysteries, require a large amount of experimental data support, Large Hadron Collider will assume the "data providers", this is a very important step. Large Hadron Collider to be two beams of protons are accelerated to unprecedented energy State then collided, the impact may cause unexpected results, absolutely no one can imagine. Newton's unfinished work — what is quality? what is the origin of mass? why tiny particles have mass, and other particles without this "treatment" for these questions, scientists now also did not find a definitive answer. The most likely explanation seems to be in the Greek Burs boson found. Greek Burs boson is the "standard model" particle physics theory and finally a particle has not yet been found, it is the "standard model". As early as 1964, Scottish physicist Peter · Higgs (PeterHiggs) will first predicted this particle, but so far, scientists have not yet seen it in the flesh. ATLAS and CMS experiments will be actively looking for this kind of difficult to subtle signs of particle exists. An "invisible" — 96 per cent of what constitute the universe we see in the universe — everything from small ants to huge galaxies — are made up of ordinary particle. These particles are collectively referred to as substances that constitute 4% of the universe. The remainder is believed to consist of dark matter and dark energy, they are more difficult to detect and study the unthinkable. Study of dark matter and dark energy of nature is the particle physics and Cosmology one of the biggest challenges. ATLAS and CMS experiments will find super symmetry of particles, is used to verify a dark matter constitute relevant assumptions. Nature's preference--why can't I find antimatter? we live in a world of matter, the universe — including our humanity, are made up of matter. Antimatter as substances of a twin brother, but it did bring the opposite electric charge. The birth of the universe, the "big bang" produces the same amount of matter and antimatter. However, once the twin brothers met, they will all perish "," and ultimately converted into energy. Somehow, a small amount of material to survive, and we now live in the universe, and it's twin brother antimatter has almost vanished. Why nature cannot give a bowl of water, the equal treatment of the twins? LHCb experiment will look for the matter and antimatter differences, help explain why so biased in nature. Previous experiments have been observed in between is slightly different, but the date of discovery is not sufficient to explain the universe of matter, and dark matter why the number showing a significant imbalance. The "big bang" secret — substance in the universe after the first second is what status? material constituting the universe is believed to come from a series of intensive effervescence of elementary particles. Now ordinary matter in the universe by Atom, atom has a protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the protons and neutrons are known as the "glue" of other particles bound Quark. This binding is very powerful, but in the beginning of the universe, due to the extremely high temperatures combined with energy giant, Gluon difficult to Quark. That is, the binding seems to be in the "big bang" after the first few microseconds in formation, in which case the universe has a Quark and Gluon constitute the very hot and dense mixture, also is to say "Quark-Gluon Plasma". ALICE experiment will take advantage of the large Hadron Collider simulation of the big bang occurred after the original shape of the universe, the analysis of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. The hidden world— The extra dimensions of space really exist? according to Einstein's general relativity, the survival of mankind on the timeline, Ray, shall constitute the so-called four-dimensional space. The later theory that may exist with the hidden dimensions of space. String theory would imply additional space dimension has not been observed in humans, they seem to be in the high-energy conditions appear. Based on this, scientists will obtain all probes a careful analysis of the data to find additional dimension exists. In early February 2008, μ meson small wheels into the hole in the ATLAS cavern before seeing A side of the scene. Digital reading European Large Hadron Collider 27 km = circumference of the large Hadron Collider. 50 km/h = on-site physicists of the speed limit. 10 billion kilometres per hour (equivalent to a speed of 99.9999991%) = proton spin around a circular tunnel maximum speed. 1 sec = Proton lap around the circular tunnel. 0.00000000047 g = in the large Hadron Collider in the total quality of the Proton. 362 zhaojiao = in the large Hadron Collider in the cycle of Proton highest cases of total energy. 8.8 tons = United States aircraft carrier "Ronald Reagan" · total weight. 361 zhaojiao = "Ronald Reagan", to · 5.6 speed sailing 41 billion of energy = build a large Hadron Collider cost 45 million = construction "Ronald Reagan" ·. 9000 m³ = Large Hadron Collider is mainly the total capacity of the vacuum system. 4650 m = United Kingdom Westminster Palace, Big Ben clock tower's internal capacity. 14 years = build large Hadron Collider. 13 years = time spent in construction of Big Ben. 600 000 = store large Hadron Collider have all the data required for DVD sales. 6.9 km = 400 million DVDs stacked height. 4.8 km = the altitude of Mont Blanc. 0.75 g = fill a balloon amount of hydrogen needed. 0.000000002 g = Large Hadron Collider daily consumption quantity of hydrogen gas. 100, 000 = large Hadron Collider runs out of a normal air balloon in the time it takes to hydrogen. 8.3 Tesla = Large Hadron Collider 1232 a superconducting dipole magnets each of maximum field strength. 1 Tesla = ordinary waste dumping station electromagnet of magnetic field strength. ALICE Cave of L3 magnet of a door is closed the door to be installed when installing the computer center of the scene, the world's largest silicon tracking detector 8 February 2007, the International Committee for future accelerators (ICFA) at the Beijing Institute of high energy physics to global publishing information, the proposed future international high energy physics Accelerator — the International Linear Collider (ILC) completed reference design and reference price, this is the development of the International Linear Collider's second major milestone. ILC and is Switzerland Geneva CERN research (CERN) starts to run large Hadron Collider (LHC), will solve many of the mysteries of the Cosmos scientific puzzle. Video: Large Hadron Collider to explore the mysteries of cosmic origins 
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